How is the modulus of elasticity defined?

The modulus of elasticity is defined as the stress-strain ratio within the proportional limit. This means that it quantifies how much a material will deform under a given amount of stress, but only in the linear portion of the stress-strain curve where the relationship between stress and strain is predictable and proportional.

In this region, stress is directly proportional to strain, and the modulus of elasticity represents the slope of this linear relationship. It is a fundamental property that indicates how stiff or flexible a material is; higher values imply a stiffer material that deforms less under the same load.

Understanding the modulus of elasticity is essential for engineering and materials science because it helps predict how materials will behave under different types of loads, ensuring structures and components are safe and effective in their applications.