What condition is characterized by the presence of elongated filiform papillae?

The condition characterized by the presence of elongated filiform papillae is known as hairy tongue. This condition occurs when the filiform papillae, which are normally short and conical, become elongated and can appear discolored, giving the tongue a "hairy" appearance. This elongation is often due to factors such as poor oral hygiene, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, or certain medications that lead to reduced saliva production.

In contrast, geographic tongue is a benign condition that presents with smooth, red patches surrounded by a white border, while fissured tongue shows deep grooves or fissures on the tongue surface but does not involve an elongation of the papillae. Chronic atrophic candidiasis manifests as red patches on the tongue, usually due to a fungal infection and is distinct from the appearance of hairy tongue. Therefore, recognizing the features and specific characteristics of hairy tongue is essential for accurate diagnosis and understanding of the condition.