What effect do fissure sealants have on caries progression?

The correct choice highlights the dual protective effect of fissure sealants on dental health. Fissure sealants are a preventive measure applied to the occlusal surfaces of molars and premolars, primarily targeting the grooves and fissures where food particles and bacteria can accumulate.

By sealing these vulnerable areas, fissure sealants reduce the risk of developing new caries by providing a physical barrier that prevents the penetration of decay-causing bacteria and acids. Additionally, they can hamper the progression of freshly established caries, meaning that if early signs of caries are present, the sealant can help inhibit further deterioration by obstructing the bacterial activity in that area.

This protective action is particularly important in children and adolescents, who are at greater risk for carious lesions in these areas due to dietary habits and oral hygiene techniques. Therefore, the effective application of fissure sealants contributes to both the prevention of new cavities and the management of early carious lesions, making this choice the most accurate reflection of their impact on caries progression.