What is a common reaction associated with long-term phenytoin use, specifically regarding oral health?

Long-term use of phenytoin, an antiepileptic medication, is commonly associated with a condition known as gingival hyperplasia or fibrotic gingivitis. This reaction occurs because phenytoin can cause an overgrowth of the gum tissues due to its interaction with fibroblasts, leading to inflammation and excessive proliferation of gingival cells. As a result, patients may experience swollen, fibrotic gums that can cover the teeth and make oral hygiene more difficult.

This condition can significantly impact oral health by increasing the risk of plaque retention, periodontal disease, and ultimately tooth loss if not managed properly. Regular dental check-ups, improved oral hygiene, and possibly changes in medication (if warranted) are essential strategies for those experiencing this side effect.

The other options pertain to different aspects of oral health that are not typically associated with phenytoin use. While subgingival recession can occur from various causes, it is not specifically linked to phenytoin. Increased tooth mobility may arise from periodontal issues but is not a direct consequence of phenytoin. Severe bruxism is related to clenching and grinding teeth and is not a known effect of phenytoin use.