What is the effect of an underdeveloped zygomatic and mandibular structure?

The effect of an underdeveloped zygomatic and mandibular structure primarily leads to cranio-facial deformities. The zygomatic bone, often referred to as the cheekbone, and the mandible, which is the lower jaw, play a crucial role in the overall facial structure and aesthetics. If these bones do not develop properly, it can result in a variety of facial abnormalities, such as asymmetry, changes in facial profile, and challenges in dental alignment.

Such deformities can have significant implications for both functional aspects, like chewing and speaking, and psychological aspects, such as self-esteem and social interactions. While there may be some overlap with other options, such as potential speech difficulties, they are often secondary issues that arise from the primary concern of cranio-facial deformities. These structural issues can influence the alignment of teeth and affect oral functions, which can lead to speech issues, but they are fundamentally tied to the deformities caused by the underdevelopment of the zygomatic and mandibular structures.