Which condition can lead to bone resorption in dentistry?

Periodontitis is the condition most closely associated with bone resorption in dentistry. This inflammatory disease affects the supporting structures of the teeth, including the alveolar bone, leading to the breakdown of bone tissue. As periodontitis progresses, the inflammation can cause the body to resorb bone in an effort to combat the infection, resulting in the loss of bone that supports teeth.

Gingivitis typically leads to the inflammation of the gums without affecting the supporting bone structure, therefore it does not directly cause bone resorption. Occlusal trauma can lead to bone resorption but may not always do so unless there is underlying periodontal disease present. Periodontitis is the most significant factor among the conditions listed that directly contributes to bone loss.

Hence, the most comprehensive condition leading to bone resorption among the choices provided is periodontitis.