Which drug may cause respiratory depression?

Respiratory depression is a serious side effect that can occur with certain classes of medications, particularly those that depress the central nervous system. Barbiturates are known for their ability to induce sedation and have a significant impact on breathing rates, especially at higher doses. They act by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA-A receptor, which can diminish respiratory drive and lead to respiratory failure if not monitored closely.

While benzodiazepines and opioids can also cause respiratory depression, barbiturates are particularly notorious for this effect due to their potency and the narrow therapeutic index. Opioids primarily cause respiratory depression by acting on specific receptors in the brain that control breathing, but barbiturates can create a broader range of depressive effects that encompass various bodily systems, including respiratory function. Aspirin, on the other hand, does not typically cause respiratory depression, as it is primarily an anti-inflammatory and analgesic medication that acts through a different mechanism. Understanding these pharmacological effects is crucial for safe medication management and patient care.