Which oral condition is characterized by white plaques adhered to the mucosa, potentially due to antibiotic use?

Candidiasis is indeed characterized by white plaques that adhere to the mucosa, which is a key distinguishing feature of this condition. It is primarily caused by the overgrowth of yeast, particularly Candida species, which can occur when the natural balance of microbiota is disrupted, often due to factors like antibiotic use. Antibiotics can kill benign bacteria that normally keep yeast in check, leading to opportunistic infections such as oral thrush, which presents as creamy white lesions in the mouth.

Leukoplakia, while involving white patches, is typically not associated with antibiotic use and is instead more related to irritants, such as tobacco or chronic friction. Similarly, syphilis might present with oral lesions but does not typically feature the white plaques characteristic of candidiasis. Oral lichen planus can also create white patches, but these are often more reticular and less adherent than those seen in candidiasis. Thus, the context provided distinguishes candidiasis as the correct answer, given its direct connection to antibiotic usage and its characteristic white mucosal plaques.